Komedonske akne - što su to i kako ih učinkovito liječiti?

Komedonske akne uobičajena su vrsta akni. Kada imate komedone, koža vam se osjeća kvrgavo. Ove kvržice tjelesne boje napreduju u akne ili prištiće.

Obično su upalni i mogu uzrokovati bol. Međutim, postoje prirodne mogućnosti liječenja za smanjenje i liječenje komedonskih akni. Nastavite čitati kako biste saznali više o komedonskim aknama i kako ih liječiti lijekovima i kućnim lijekovima.

Što su komedonske akne?

Komedonske akne vrsta su akni koja se pojavljuje poput komedona (male papule nalik na izbočine koje se uglavnom javljaju na bradi i čelu). Oni su pore ili folikuli dlake začepljeni uljem, prljavštinom i mrtvim stanicama kože. Miteseri i bijele točkice najčešće su vrste komedonskih akni. Kada su čepovi za prljavštinu i ulje izloženi zraku, oni oksidiraju i postaju crni, što rezultira miteserima. Kad se ti čepovi postave dublje u pore i postanu bijeli, dobivaju se bijele glave.

U sljedećem ćemo dijelu pogledati uzroke i čimbenike rizika komedonskih akni.

Comedonal Acne: uzroci i faktori rizika

Komedonske akne nastaju kad su lojni kanali začepljeni prljavštinom, krhotinama i sebumom. Iako svatko može dobiti komedonske akne u bilo kojem trenutku, određeni čimbenici povećavaju rizik:

• Konzumacija mliječnih proizvoda (poput jogurta, mlijeka i sira) može uzrokovati akne (1).
• Prehrana s visokim glikemijskim indeksom / glikemijskim opterećenjem može pogoršati akne (2). Konzumiranje hrane koja sadrži puno šećera i masti (poput pečenih dobrota, nezdrave hrane i gaziranih pića) može prouzročiti izbijanje.
• Neki vjeruju da prehidracija također može uzrokovati akne. Vaša se koža može pretjerano hidratizirati zbog vlažnih uvjeta ili pretjerane upotrebe hidratantnih krema.
• Pušenje također može uzrokovati akne i puknuće (3).
• Korištenje pretjerane šminke, proizvoda za njegu masne kože i pomada za kosu mogu uzrokovati akne.
• Genetika također može biti faktor iza komedonskih akni. Ako se pojavljuje u vašoj obitelji, najvjerojatnije ćete ga dobiti.
• Stiskanje postojećih komedona i prekomjerna upotreba abrazivnih proizvoda za kožu (poput pilinga i kemijskih pilinga) također mogu pogoršati vaše stanje i izazvati komedonske akne.

Osim mitesera (otvoreni komedoni) i bijelih točkica (zatvoreni komedoni), postoji još nekoliko vrsta komedona.

Vrste komedonskih akni

1. Mikrokomedoni

To su najmanji komedoni. Nevidljivi su golim okom. Oni su prva faza svakog mitesera, upaljenih akni ili prištića.

2. Makrokomedoni

To mogu biti i otvoreni i zatvoreni komedoni, ali oni su veći.

3. Divovski komedoni

Divovski komedoni su velike mitesere, promjera koji se kreće između nekoliko milimetara i oko 2 centimetra. Starije odrasle osobe obično dobivaju ovu vrstu komedona.

4. Solarni komedoni

Oni se nazivaju i senilnim komedonima, a uzrokovani su pretjeranim izlaganjem suncu. To mogu biti komedoni otvorenog ili zatvorenog tipa i mogu biti veliki ili mali. To su česte pojave kod starijih odraslih osoba.

Vrlo je lako prepoznati komedone nakon što znamo kako izgledaju.

Kako prepoznati komedonske akne

Evo nekoliko savjeta za prepoznavanje komedona:

• Izgledaju poput malih mesnatih kvrga. Zahvaćeno područje osjeća se neravnomjerno i kvrgavo.
• Miteseri će imati vrh koji se čini tamno smeđim ili crnim. Često ćete ih vidjeti na nosu.
• Bijele točkice izgledaju poput malih bjelkastih ili mesnatih točkica na koži.

Kako liječiti komedonske akne

1. Lokalni tretman

Lokalni tretmani dostupni su kao OTC lijekovi. Međutim, morate znati pravi postotak sastojaka koji će odgovarati vašem stanju. Posavjetujte se s liječnikom prije nego što isprobate bilo koji lokalni tretman. Dostupni su u obliku gelova, krema i sredstava za pranje lica. Najčešći sastojci koji se koriste za liječenje komedonskih akni su:

• Benzoil peroksid (4)
• Azelaična kiselina (5)
• Salicilna kiselina (6)
• Sumpor (7)
• Tretinoin (ili retinoidi) (8)

Jače retinoide mora propisati liječnik. To je zato što upotreba pogrešnog postotka retinoida na koži može pogoršati vaše akne.

2. Oralni lijekovi

Lokalni lijekovi dobri su za početno liječenje akni. Međutim, ovisno o vašim potrebama, liječnik vam može propisati i oralne lijekove kao što su:

• Antibiotici
• Kontracepcijska sredstva ili pilule za kontrolu rađanja (FDA je odobrila samo tri kontracepcijska sredstva protiv akni, pa pazite da ih ne uzimate bez liječničkog recepta) (9)
• Accutane ili Isotretinoin (uglavnom se koristi za ozbiljne akne) (9)
• Spironolakton (uglavnom formuliran za hipertenziju; ali ovaj lijek u malim dozama može pomoći hormonalnim aknama jer blokira androgen) (9)

3. Kirurški zahvati

Ako i lokalni i oralni lijekovi ne daju rezultate, možete se odlučiti za kirurške zahvate. Neki od ovih postupaka uključuju:

• Electrosurgery: This is used for treating severe comedonal acne. In this procedure, electricity is used to destroy the tissue by dehydration, coagulation, or vaporization. There are two types of electrosurgery – high-frequency electrosurgery and electrocautery.
• Cryotherapy: In this procedure, the affected area is frozen for 20 seconds using liquid nitrogen or solid carbon dioxide. This eventually destroys the tissues in that area.
• Microdermabrasion: In this process, a device with a crystal head is rubbed on your skin to remove the top layer of your skin. This helps remove the comedones. Microdermabrasion is often used for treating acne scars.

4. Home Remedies

You may also take care of comedones at home by trying a few home remedies using simple and effective ingredients:

1. Tea Tree Oil

Five percent topical tea tree oil was found to be effective in treating mild to moderate acne (10).

You Will Need

• 2-3 drops of tea tree oil
• 1 teaspoon of any carrier oil (you may use jojoba, olive, sweet almond oils)

Method

1. Mix the oils.
2. Massage the mixture on the affected area.
3. Leave it on for at least 20-30 minutes.
4. Wash off.

How Often

2 times every day.

2. Witch Hazel

Witch hazel is commonly used for relieving inflammation and skin irritation(11). Though there is a lack of direct evidence, anecdotal evidence suggests that it has an astringent effect and can help minimize acne.

You Will Need

• A tablespoon of witch hazel
• Cotton pad

Method

1. Wash your face and pat it dry.
2. Saturate the cotton pad with witch hazel.
3. Apply it as a toner to your skin.
4. Let it dry.
5. Follow it up with a non-comedogenic moisturizer.

How Often

Once every day (do not overuse as it may dry your skin out).

3. Charcoal And Clay Mask

Activated charcoal is works as an absorbent (12). It can eliminate dirt and sebum from your skin. The clay (especially bentonite clay) can soothe the skin and heal skin lesions (13).

You Will Need

• ½ teaspoon of activated charcoal powder
• 2 tablespoons of bentonite clay
• Water for mixing (you may use rosewater)

Method

1. Mix the charcoal powder and the clay.
2. Add water or rosewater as per the desired consistency and mix well.
3. Spread the mixture on the affected area.
4. Let it dry.
5. Wash off with warm water.
6. Follow up with a non-comedogenic moisturizer.

How Often

Not more than 2 times a week.

4. Apple Cider Vinegar

Though there is no direct evidence, anecdotal evidence suggests that the vinegar may work well as a toner. It also may act as an astringent and minimize skin pores, thus helping relieve acne. However, never use ACV without diluting it.

You Will Need

• ½ teaspoon of apple cider vinegar
• 2 tablespoons of distilled water (to dilute the ACV)
• Cotton pad

Method

1. Wash your face and pat it dry.
2. Mix the ACV and distilled water.
3. Saturate the cotton pad with the mixture and apply it to your face as a toner.
4. Let it dry and then apply a non-comedogenic moisturizer.

In addition to these treatment options, modifying your lifestyle also helps. In the following section, we have discussed the measures you can take to prevent comedonal acne.

Ways To Prevent Comedonal Acne

1. Wash Your Face Twice A Day

Use a mild cleanser or a cleanser containing salicylic acid to wash your face two times a day.

2. Use Non-comedogenic Products

Whether it is makeup or skincare, ensure you use non-comedogenic products. This way, your skin pores won’t get clogged, and you can prevent comedonal acne.

3. Remove Makeup Before Going To Bed

Removing makeup before hitting the bed allows your skin to breathe and heal itself while you sleep.

4. Keep Your Skin Accessories Clean

Clean your makeup applicators, brushes, and beauty blenders thoroughly after every use. Dirty accessories may accumulate germs and cause acne.

5. Follow A Healthy Diet

Reduce the intake of fried or processed foods, baked goodies, and sugary drinks. If possible, try to limit your milk intake. Instead, consume a lot of fresh produce and lean protein.

Following a daily skincare routine and a healthy lifestyle can help keep your skin clear to an extent. However, you may face breakouts from time to time, and you need to treat them properly. The methods outlined in this article can help. In case you have severe acne, it always is better to consult a doctor.

Expert’s Answers For Readers’ Questions

Does Accutane help treat comedonal acne?

Yes, it works for severe acne. Accutane is a form of vitamin A that reduces the amount of oil released by the skin’s oil glands. However, you shouldn’t take it without consulting your doctor.

Do closed comedones heal?

They can heal with proper treatment. However, if left untreated, they may turn into a serious issue.

Is comedonal acne hormonal?

Comedonal acne is mainly caused during the pre-teen years and is regulated by hormones. However, one may even experience them at a later point of their lives. Apart from hormonal changes, another major cause of this type of acne is poor skin hygiene. Certain products (shampoos, makeup, hair pomades) may also lead to comedonal acne as these contain chemicals and oils that may block the pores.

13 sources

Stylecraze ima stroge smjernice za izvor i oslanja se na recenzirane studije, akademske istraživačke institucije i medicinska udruženja. Izbjegavamo koristiti tercijarne reference. Možete pročitati više o tome kako osiguravamo da je naš sadržaj točan i aktualan čitajući našu uredničku politiku.

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